阿里Canal数据同步工具的使用实现异构数据同步

简介

阿里Canal是一个MySQL数据同步工具, 伪装成MySQL的一个Slave(从)节点, 通过订阅MySQL的binlog来实现数据同步。

巧用阿里Canal能够MySQL与异构数据Elasticsearch,MongoDB等同步，数据能做到实时同步，团队间解耦，两个团队之间不用多次调用接口。

应用场景：

数据库镜像
数据库实时备份
索引构建和实时维护
业务cache(缓存)刷新
带业务逻辑的增量数据处理

使用

canal下载

https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases

canal-server（canal-deploy）：直接监听MySQL的binlog，把自己伪装成MySQL的从库，只负责接收数据，并不做处理。

canal-adapter：相当于canal的客户端，会从canal-server中获取数据，然后对数据进行同步，可以同步到MySQL、Elasticsearch和HBase等存储中去。

canal-admin：为canal提供整体配置管理、节点运维等面向运维的功能，提供相对友好的WebUI操作界面，方便更多用户快速和安全的操作。

1.安装MySQL

firewall‐cmd ‐‐zone=public ‐‐add‐port=3306/tcp ‐‐permanent
firewall‐cmd ‐‐reload

cd /home/
wget ‐‐no‐check‐certificate https://manongbiji.oss‐cn‐
beijing.aliyuncs.com/ittailkshow/canal/download/world.sql
wget ‐‐no‐check‐certificate https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80‐community‐releas
e‐el7‐5.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall ‐y mysql80‐community‐release‐el7‐5.noarch.rpm

#自动安装MySQL 8.0.28
yum install ‐y mysql‐community‐server

调整配置文件

sudo cat >> /etc/my.cnf <<‐'EOF'
server‐id=1
log‐bin=mysql‐bin
binlog_format=row
binlog‐do‐db=world
EOF
systemctl start mysqld

获取初始密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2022-03-31T04:20:25.133810Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is
generated for root@localhost: Jby&XTOc.7iN


mysql ‐uroot ‐pJby&XTOc.7iN



#修改root密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'asA
S123456!';
#MySQL降低密码强度
set global validate_password.policy=0;
set global validate_password.length=4;
#创建canal同步账户
CREATE USER canal@'%' IDENTIFIED with mysql_native_password BY 'canal';
#授权canal用户允许远程到mysql实现主从复制
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
CREATE USER remote@'%' IDENTIFIED with mysql_native_password BY 'remote';
grant all privileges on *.* to remote@'%';
#初始化数据库
source /home/world.sql

2. 安装Canal-Server

安装JDK

yum ‐y install java‐1.8.0‐openjdk‐devel.x86_64
sudo cat >> /etc/profile <<‐'EOF'
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java‐1.8.0‐openjdk
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
EOF
source /etc/profile
echo $JAVA_HOME

下载canal-deployer最新版

# 下载脚本
wget ‐‐no‐check‐certificate https://manongbiji.oss‐cn‐
beijing.aliyuncs.com/ittailkshow/canal/download/canal.deployer‐
1.1.5.tar.gz
mkdir /home/canal
tar zxvf canal.deployer‐1.1.5.tar.gz ‐C /home/canal

vi conf/example/instance.properties
#调整serverId
canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=10
# master地址
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.31.230:3306
...
# 关闭tsdb
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=false
#确认canal同步用的用户名、密码
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
#启动服务
sh bin/startup.sh
#canal admin 端口


firewall‐cmd ‐‐zone=public ‐‐add‐port=11110/tcp ‐‐permanent
#canal 监听端口
firewall‐cmd ‐‐zone=public ‐‐add‐port=11111/tcp ‐‐permanent
#canal 指标监控端口
firewall‐cmd ‐‐zone=public ‐‐add‐port=11112/tcp ‐‐permanent
firewall‐cmd ‐‐reload


tail canal.log
2022‐03‐31 13:46:19.413 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalL
auncher ‐ ## set default uncaught exception handler
2022‐03‐31 13:46:19.503 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalL
auncher ‐ ## load canal configurations
2022‐03‐31 13:46:19.524 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalS
tarter ‐ ## start the canal server.
2022‐03‐31 13:46:19.627 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalC
ontroller ‐ ## start the canal server[172.17.0.1(172.17.0.1):11111]
2022‐03‐31 13:46:21.250 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalS
tarter ‐ ## the canal server is running now ......

开发数据监听程序 pom.xml

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
<artifactId>canal.client</artifactId>
<version>1.1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
<artifactId>canal.protocol</artifactId>
<version>1.1.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

编写数据监听程序

package com.itlaoqi;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.List;
public class AD {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, Invalid
ProtocolBufferException {
//TODO 获取连接
CanalConnector canalConnector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new Inet
SocketAddress("192.168.31.231", 11111), "example", "", "");
while (true) {
//TODO 连接
canalConnector.connect();
//TODO 订阅数据库
canalConnector.subscribe("world.*");
//TODO 获取数据
Message message = canalConnector.get(100);
//TODO 获取Entry集合
List<CanalEntry.Entry> entries = message.getEntries();
//TODO 判断集合是否为空,如果为空,则等待一会继续拉取数据
if (entries.size() <= 0) {
System.out.println("当次抓取没有数据，休息一会。。。。。。");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} else {
//TODO 遍历entries，单条解析
for (CanalEntry.Entry entry : entries) {
//1.获取表名
String tableName = entry.getHeader().getTableName();
//2.获取类型
CanalEntry.EntryType entryType = entry.getEntryType();
//3.获取序列化后的数据
ByteString storeValue = entry.getStoreValue();
//4.判断当前entryType类型是否为ROWDATA
if (CanalEntry.EntryType.ROWDATA.equals(entryType)) {
//5.反序列化数据
CanalEntry.RowChange rowChange =
CanalEntry.RowChange.parseFrom(storeValue);
//6.获取当前事件的操作类型
CanalEntry.EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();
//7.获取数据集
List<CanalEntry.RowData> rowDataList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
//8.遍历rowDataList，并打印数据集
for (CanalEntry.RowData rowData : rowDataList) {
JSONObject beforeData = new JSONObject();
List<CanalEntry.Column> beforeColumnsList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
for (CanalEntry.Column column : beforeColumnsList) {
beforeData.put(column.getName(), column.getValue());
}
JSONObject afterData = new JSONObject();
List<CanalEntry.Column> afterColumnsList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
for (CanalEntry.Column column : afterColumnsList) {
afterData.put(column.getName(), column.getValue());
}
//数据打印
System.out.println("Table:" + tableName +
",EventType:" + eventType +
",Before:" + beforeData +
",After:" + afterData);
}
} else {
System.out.println("当前操作类型为：" + entryType);
}
}
}
}
}
}

资料参考

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zy4y1L7HF

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1jY41177Qh

阿里Canal数据同步工具的使用实现异构数据同步

简介

使用

1.安装MySQL

2. 安装Canal-Server

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